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Rodrigo Duterte: The 16th President of the Philippines
Did you know that Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th President of the Philippines, served for six years from June 2016 to June 2022? His presidency was marked by controversial policies and a strong leadership style that made headlines both in the Philippines and worldwide. In this article, we delve into Duterte’s early years, his rise to power, his governing style, and the impact he had on the Philippines.
Key Takeaways:
- Rodrigo Duterte was the 16th President of the Philippines, serving from June 2016 to June 2022.
- His presidency was known for his controversial policies and strong leadership style.
- Duterte’s early years and education shaped his political career.
- He served as the mayor of Davao City for over 22 years before becoming president.
- Duterte’s approach to crime-fighting and his war on drugs received international attention and criticism.
Early Years and Education of Rodrigo Duterte
Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th President of the Philippines, was born on March 28, 1945, in Maasin, Leyte. However, he grew up in Davao City, where his father served as a provincial governor. Duterte’s upbringing in Davao City significantly shaped his values and perspectives.
From Maasin to Manila: Duterte’s Formative Years
Duterte’s childhood in Davao City exposed him to the realities of local governance and instilled in him a deep connection to the Filipino people. Growing up in a politically active family, he witnessed the challenges and opportunities associated with public service.
Academic Pursuits: Political Science and Law Degrees
Duterte’s education played a crucial role in his journey towards becoming a political leader. He pursued his higher education in Davao before moving to Manila for university studies. Duterte attended the Lyceum of the Philippines University, where he gained a strong foundation in political science.
He further honed his legal expertise by obtaining a law degree from San Beda College of Law. His academic pursuits equipped him with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of Philippine politics and law.
| Years | Education | Institution |
|---|---|---|
| 1945-1968 | Primary and Secondary Education | Davao City schools |
| 1968-1972 | Bachelor’s Degree in Political Science | Lyceum of the Philippines University |
| 1972-1975 | Laws Degree | San Beda College of Law |
Ascension in Davao: The Rise of a Local Leader
After completing his education, Rodrigo Duterte returned to Davao City and embarked on a political career that would shape his legacy. Serving as the mayor of Davao City for over 22 years, Duterte implemented significant changes and transformed the city into one of the safest in Southeast Asia. His political journey in Davao City marked both controversies and achievements, highlighting his tough stance on crime and his development initiatives.
The Path to Mayorship: Transforming Davao City
Upon assuming the role of mayor, Duterte tirelessly worked towards improving the quality of life for the people of Davao City. He implemented comprehensive programs and policies aimed at promoting peace and order, boosting the local economy, and enhancing social services. His strong leadership and hands-on approach earned him the trust and support of the Davaoeños, propelling him to be one of the most influential political figures in the region.
Controversies and Achievements: Two Decades of Governance
Duterte’s governance in Davao City was not without its fair share of controversies. His strong-willed personality and unorthodox methods drew both praise and criticism from various sectors. Nevertheless, his tenure as mayor brought about numerous accomplishments that significantly improved the city’s infrastructure, public safety, and overall quality of life. Through his initiatives, Davao City experienced notable economic growth and became an attractive destination for investments.
Duterte’s achievements in Davao City extended beyond mere numbers. He led with a firm hand and prioritized the welfare of his constituents. His commitment to eradicating crime and providing a safe environment for its residents yielded tangible results, making Davao City a model for other cities in the country and even the wider Southeast Asian region.
| Controversies | Achievements |
|---|---|
| 1. Controversial remarks and language | 1. Reduced crime rates |
| 2. Extrajudicial killings | 2. Improved infrastructure |
| 3. Allegations of human rights abuses | 3. Enhanced social services |
Presidential Campaign and Election Landslide
Rodrigo Duterte ran for the presidency in 2016 and won by a landslide. His campaign focused on his strongman persona and promises to eradicate crime and corruption.
His victory brought him to the highest office in the Philippines, where he implemented his controversial policies and launched ambitious projects.
“Duterte Harry”: Controversial Crime-Fighting Tactics
Duterte’s approach to combating crime gained widespread attention and sparked numerous debates both nationally and internationally. His aggressive methods, coupled with his support for extrajudicial killings, earned him the infamous nickname “Duterte Harry.” While his tactics were hailed by some as instrumental in reducing crime rates, others raised concerns about human rights violations.
The Punisher of Davao: Crime Reduction or Human Rights Violations?
As the longtime mayor of Davao City, Duterte cultivated a reputation as a tough enforcer who prioritized public safety. His supporters argue that his unyielding stance against criminal activities contributed to a significant reduction in crime rates within the city. They highlight the establishment of Davao City as one of the safest places in Southeast Asia as evidence of his success.
However, critics and human rights organizations raise serious concerns about the methods employed by Duterte in his crime-fighting efforts. The extrajudicial killings and alleged human rights abuses associated with his approach drew intense scrutiny both locally and internationally. The line between legitimate law enforcement and protecting human rights became blurred, leading to allegations of vigilante justice and violations of due process.
International Reactions to Duterte’s Approach to Crime
Duterte’s unconventional crime-fighting tactics triggered various responses from the international community. Some nations expressed support for his strategies, applauding his strongman approach as an effective means of combating crime and maintaining law and order. These countries viewed Duterte’s policies as a necessary response to the complex and pervasive issues of drug trafficking and criminality.
However, numerous international organizations, governments, and human rights advocates voiced strong objections to Duterte’s methods. They raised concerns about the erosion of basic human rights, such as the right to life and due process, and called for greater accountability in the implementation of crime-fighting initiatives. The United Nations and other bodies have consistently criticized the extrajudicial killings and human rights violations associated with Duterte’s approach.
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Significant reduction in crime rates in Davao City. | Extrajudicial killings and alleged human rights violations. |
| Established Davao City as one of the safest places in Southeast Asia. | Raised concerns about vigilante justice and lack of due process. |
| Support from nations endorsing strongman approach to combat crime. | International criticism for erosion of human rights and lack of accountability. |
Rodrigo Duterte’s War on Drugs
During his presidency, Rodrigo Duterte implemented a controversial drug policy aimed at eradicating illegal drugs in the Philippines. This policy, commonly referred to as the “war on drugs,” had a significant impact on the country and its society.
Under Duterte’s drug campaign, a nationwide crackdown on drug dealers and users was executed. Thousands of individuals, suspected of involvement in the drug trade, were killed in both police operations and vigilante-style killings. The implementation of this policy led to widespread human rights abuses and raised concerns among international human rights organizations.
Proponents of Duterte’s drug policy praised his tough stance on drugs, believing that it would help alleviate the issue of illegal drugs in the country. They argue that the campaign was necessary to restore law and order in communities affected by the drug trade.
However, critics have condemned the extrajudicial killings and called for accountability. The alleged human rights abuses and lack of due process have garnered international attention and condemnation. The United Nations and various human rights groups have raised concerns about Duterte’s drug policy and the disregard for human rights.
The implementation of the drug policy also had far-reaching social consequences. Families and communities were torn apart by the loss of loved ones and the fear instilled by the campaign. The drug problem in the Philippines remains complex, and the long-term effects of Duterte’s war on drugs are still unfolding.
| Pros of Duterte’s Drug Policy | Cons of Duterte’s Drug Policy |
|---|---|
| Restored law and order in drug-affected communities | Widespread human rights abuses |
| Reduced drug-related crime rates in some areas | Extrajudicial killings and lack of due process |
| Alleviated the fear of drug-related violence | International condemnation |
Infrastructure Development under Duterte
Duterte’s presidency placed a strong emphasis on infrastructure development as a catalyst for economic growth and progress in the Philippines. To achieve this vision, his administration launched the ambitious “Build, Build, Build” program, a strategic initiative aimed at improving connectivity and stimulating economic development across the country.
The “Build, Build, Build” program focused on envisioning and implementing major infrastructure projects in various sectors, including transportation, tourism, and agriculture. These projects encompassed the construction of new roads, bridges, airports, railways, and seaports, along with the rehabilitation and modernization of existing infrastructure.
The goal of these infrastructure projects was to enhance transportation networks, reduce congestion, and provide better access to essential services, such as healthcare and education. By improving connectivity, Duterte sought to create more opportunities for trade, investment, and tourism, driving economic growth and improving the quality of life for Filipinos.
“Infrastructure development is key to unlocking our economic potential and positioning the Philippines as a competitive player in the global stage. With the ‘Build, Build, Build’ program, we are creating a solid foundation for sustainable economic growth and progress.” – Rodrigo Duterte
Some of the notable infrastructure projects under Duterte’s leadership include the construction of the Metro Manila Subway, the Clark International Airport expansion, the Bohol-Panglao International Airport, and the Mindanao Railway System. These projects are expected to transform transportation systems, boost tourism, and facilitate smoother movement of goods and services.
To demonstrate the impact of Duterte’s infrastructure development efforts, here is a table highlighting key projects and their contributions to economic growth:
| Infrastructure Project | Contribution to Economic Growth |
|---|---|
| Metro Manila Subway | Enhanced transportation system for the capital city, reducing traffic congestion and improving efficiency. |
| Clark International Airport Expansion | Increased capacity and improved facilities to accommodate the growing number of domestic and international travelers, boosting tourism and trade. |
| Bohol-Panglao International Airport | Developed a world-class airport in Bohol, attracting more tourists and supporting economic growth in the region. |
| Mindanao Railway System | Created an efficient railway network in Mindanao, enhancing connectivity and promoting economic development in the southern part of the country. |
These projects, along with many others, demonstrate Duterte’s commitment to infrastructure development and his vision for a prosperous Philippines. By investing in modern and efficient infrastructure, Duterte aimed to lay the foundation for long-term economic growth, uplift rural areas, and bridge regional development gaps.
Next, we will delve into Duterte’s broader economic policies and their impact on the country’s financial landscape.
Fostering Economic Growth: Duterte’s Economic Policies
Duterte implemented various economic policies aimed at fostering growth and improving the welfare of Filipinos. His administration focused on implementing liberal reforms and launching the “Build, Build, Build” program to boost infrastructure development and stimulate the economy. Additionally, Duterte’s government introduced tax reforms and initiatives for free tertiary education, aiming to make the tax system more progressive and equitable while making education more accessible to all Filipinos.
The “Build, Build, Build” program was a cornerstone of Duterte’s economic agenda. It involved the construction of roads, bridges, airports, and railways, with the goal of improving transportation networks and attracting investment. This infrastructure development aimed to create job opportunities, enhance connectivity between regions, and facilitate economic growth.
To address issues of inequality and create a fairer tax system, Duterte’s administration implemented tax reforms. These reforms aimed to make the tax system more progressive, ensuring that the wealthy contribute a larger share of their income. By reducing income tax rates for low- and middle-income individuals, the government sought to alleviate the burden on those who earn less while generating revenue to fund public services and initiatives.
Another significant policy implemented by Duterte was the introduction of free tertiary education. This initiative aimed to make higher education more accessible to all Filipinos, removing financial barriers and providing opportunities for individuals to enhance their skills and prospects. By investing in education, the government sought to empower the workforce and promote economic development in the long run.
These economic policies had long-term impacts on the country’s economy and educational sector. Infrastructure development created job opportunities, stimulated investment, and improved connectivity, fostering economic growth. Tax reforms aimed to create a fairer system, redistributing wealth and generating revenue for social programs. The introduction of free tertiary education expanded access to higher education, enabling more individuals to pursue further studies and contribute to the nation’s development.
Military Modernization and Anti-Terrorism Efforts
Duterte’s presidency placed a high priority on military modernization and anti-terrorism efforts in the Philippines. Recognizing the importance of national security, Duterte aimed to enhance the country’s defense capabilities and combat extremist groups. Through strategic investments and reforms, his administration sought to strengthen the armed forces and ensure the safety and well-being of the Filipino people.
Enhancing National Security
Under Duterte’s leadership, the Philippine government undertook comprehensive measures to enhance national security. This involved modernizing the military by acquiring new and advanced weapons systems, improving logistics and infrastructure, and investing in the training and development of military personnel. By bolstering the country’s defense capabilities, Duterte aimed to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Philippines.
Furthermore, the administration focused on intelligence gathering and sharing, fostering cooperation with regional and international partners, and strengthening maritime security to counter threats in the Philippine waters. Duterte’s commitment to enhancing national security was driven by a desire to safeguard the nation against various security challenges, including terrorism, insurgency, and other forms of threats.
The Battle of Marawi: A Defining Moment
An important milestone in Duterte’s fight against terrorism was the Battle of Marawi in 2017. The city of Marawi in Mindanao became a battleground as government forces engaged in a fierce conflict with ISIS-affiliated militants. The battle lasted for five months and resulted in significant devastation and loss of lives.
Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao to address the crisis and mobilized the armed forces to liberate the city from the grip of terrorists. The battle showcased the determination and resolve of the Philippine military, supported by the government, to combat extremist groups and protect the country from the threats they pose.
Despite the immense challenges faced during the Battle of Marawi, the successful liberation of the city demonstrated the effectiveness of the military’s anti-terrorism efforts and highlighted the commitment of the Duterte administration to ensuring the safety and security of the Filipino people.
| Initiatives | Impact |
|---|---|
| Modernization of military equipment and technology | Enhanced defense capabilities and readiness |
| Increased defense budget allocation | Improved resources for military operations |
| Intensified intelligence sharing and cooperation with international partners | Strengthened regional and global security collaboration |
| Enhanced maritime security measures | Heightened protection of Philippine waters and resources |
| Continued efforts to counter extremist groups and prevent terrorism | Preserved national stability and peace |
Challenges and Triumphs in Healthcare: The COVID-19 Pandemic
Duterte faced numerous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the virus spread rapidly across the Philippines, the government had to navigate unprecedented health crises and implement measures to mitigate the impact.
Navigating Unprecedented Health Crises
The COVID-19 pandemic presented healthcare challenges that the Philippines had never encountered before. The rapid transmission of the virus and the severity of the disease strained the healthcare system, leading to overcrowded hospitals, limited resources, and overwhelmed healthcare workers.
Duterte’s administration responded to these challenges by implementing various measures. Lockdowns and quarantine protocols were implemented to slow the spread of the virus and prevent healthcare facilities from being overwhelmed. These measures aimed to flatten the curve and buy time for healthcare systems to prepare for the surge in cases.
Vaccine Rollout and Public Health Initiatives
An essential aspect of Duterte’s response to the pandemic was the vaccine rollout and the implementation of public health initiatives. The government worked towards securing COVID-19 vaccines from various sources to ensure the availability and accessibility of vaccines to the Filipino population.
The vaccine rollout involved the distribution and administration of vaccines to the different regions of the country. Prioritization was given to frontline healthcare workers, vulnerable populations, and essential workers. Public health campaigns were launched to promote vaccination and provide accurate information about the vaccines, encouraging widespread participation.
The healthcare sector and the Duterte administration faced the immense challenge of coordinating the logistics, ensuring equitable distribution, and addressing vaccine hesitancy among the population. The success of the vaccine rollout and public health initiatives played a crucial role in controlling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
The healthcare challenges and accomplishments during the COVID-19 pandemic will have lasting effects on the healthcare system and the future preparedness of the Philippines in handling public health crises.
| Challenges | Triumphs |
|---|---|
| Overcrowded hospitals | Vaccine rollout efforts |
| Limited resources | Public health campaigns |
| Overwhelmed healthcare workers | Flattening the curve |
| Logistical coordination | Vaccine accessibility |
Foreign Policy: An Independent Path
In his presidency, Rodrigo Duterte pursued an independent foreign policy, deviating from the Philippines’ traditional alliances with Western partners. Instead, he sought closer economic and diplomatic ties with China and Russia. This shift in alliances had significant implications for the country’s foreign relations and global positioning.
Shift in Alliances: China and Russia over Western Partners
Duterte’s administration prioritized forging stronger ties with China and Russia, moving away from the Philippines’ long-standing reliance on Western partners. This strategic realignment was driven by Duterte’s desire to diversify international relationships and tap into the economic potentials of China and Russia.
Duterte’s engagement with China, in particular, was marked by a new willingness to engage in dialogue and collaboration, despite the ongoing disputes in the South China Sea. The president sought to capitalize on China’s economic prowess and explore mutual interests, such as trade and investment.
Similarly, the growing relationship with Russia was seen as an opportunity to strengthen diplomatic ties and explore avenues for cooperation, especially in areas like defense, energy, and commerce. Duterte’s approach reflected a desire to pursue a more balanced foreign policy, independent from Western influences.
The South China Sea Dispute: A Diplomatic Tightrope
One of the key challenges in Duterte’s independent foreign policy was navigating the complex South China Sea dispute. As the Philippines faced territorial claims and maritime tensions with China, Duterte adopted a diplomatic approach that aimed to balance national interests, economic opportunities, and regional stability.
Recognizing the strategic importance of maintaining strong relations with China, Duterte pursued a policy of engagement and negotiations, opting for diplomacy rather than confrontation. While this approach drew criticism from some quarters, it reflected his desire to protect national interests while avoiding potential conflict.
Duterte’s handling of the South China Sea dispute required a delicate diplomatic tightrope, as he sought to safeguard the Philippines’ sovereignty and territorial integrity while maximizing economic benefits and ensuring regional stability. Balancing these various considerations proved to be a complex and challenging task for the Duterte administration.
Despite the controversies and challenges, Duterte’s pursuit of an independent foreign policy left a lasting impact on the Philippines’ global relationships and diplomatic approach. The president’s efforts to engage with China and Russia, as well as his management of the South China Sea dispute, shaped the country’s foreign policy landscape during his tenure.
Duterte’s Populist Brand and Governing Style
Nationalism and People’s President
Duterte cultivated a populist brand throughout his presidency, positioning himself as a champion of the people. He emphasized nationalism and prioritized the needs of ordinary Filipinos. This approach resonated with many who felt marginalized by traditional political elites.
As a people’s president, Duterte aimed to break free from conventional politics and address the concerns of the common Filipino. He advocated for policies that would benefit the majority and championed the interests of local communities over international entities.
The Art of Mass Appeal and Public Discourse
Duterte’s governing style was characterized by direct and often provocative language. He utilized mass appeal to establish a strong connection with his supporters, adopting an unfiltered approach to public discourse that resonated with many Filipinos.
By employing a straightforward and engaging communication style, Duterte effectively conveyed his messages to the masses, bypassing traditional political filters. This directness helped him maintain a strong bond with his base while attracting new supporters who valued his authenticity and relatability.
Legacy and Impact of Rodrigo Duterte’s Presidency
Duterte’s presidency left a lasting impact on the Philippines, shaping its political landscape and triggering significant social changes. The evaluation of Duterte’s place in Philippine history involves analyzing the long-term consequences of his presidency, including the political and social shifts that occurred during his tenure.
Evaluating Duterte’s Place in Philippine History
To fully understand Duterte’s legacy, it is necessary to examine his policies, leadership style, and their effects on the country. Duterte’s strongman persona and controversial approach to crime-fighting garnered both support and criticism. His unfiltered public discourse and direct language resonated with many Filipinos who felt that their concerns were finally being heard. However, others expressed concerns about the erosion of human rights and the rule of law.
Furthermore, Duterte’s independent foreign policy redefined the country’s alliances, shifting away from traditional Western partners towards closer economic and diplomatic ties with China and Russia. This shift had implications for regional dynamics and the South China Sea dispute.
Economically, Duterte focused on infrastructure development, implementing the “Build, Build, Build” program. This initiative aimed to boost economic growth through the construction of roads, bridges, airports, and railways. Additionally, tax reforms and the introduction of free tertiary education were implemented to enhance the welfare of Filipinos.
Long-term Social and Political Consequences
The long-term social and political consequences of Duterte’s presidency are still unfolding. His tenure sparked debates on issues such as human rights, governance, and the role of populism in Philippine politics. It also brought to the forefront discussions about political dynasties and the future of Duterte’s influence.
As the Philippines moves forward, it will be crucial to reflect on the legacy and impact of Duterte’s presidency. Understanding the historical context and analyzing the social and political changes that occurred during his tenure are essential for shaping the future direction of the country.
Political Dynasties and the Future of Duterte’s Influence
The Duterte family has prominently shaped Philippine politics, with various members occupying significant positions. Notably, Rodrigo Duterte’s daughter, Sara Duterte, has emerged as a force in her own right, wielding substantial political influence. Moreover, other family members have also contributed to the Duterte political dynasty, cementing their presence in the country’s political landscape.
The Duterte Family in Philippine Politics
Sara Duterte, affectionately called “Inday Sara,” has followed in her father’s footsteps and carved out her own political career. She has served as the mayor of Davao City, the same position her father held before becoming president. Sara Duterte’s rise to prominence and her continued involvement in public service demonstrate the enduring influence of the Duterte family in Philippine politics.
“Political dynasties have long been ingrained in Philippine politics, and the Duterte family is no exception. Their ability to consolidate power and maintain a strong presence highlights the complexities of the political landscape in the country.”
Outside of Sara Duterte, other members of the Duterte family have also occupied notable political positions. Duterte’s son, Paolo Duterte, served as the vice mayor of Davao City, while his son-in-law, Mans Carpio, has been actively involved in legal and political affairs. These familial connections further solidify the Duterte political dynasty, providing them with networks and resources to maintain their influence.
Shifting Power Dynamics and Future Elections
As Rodrigo Duterte’s presidency came to an end, the future of the Duterte family’s influence remains uncertain. The political landscape in the Philippines is ever-evolving, with power dynamics constantly shifting. The rise of new political figures and changing public sentiment may challenge the Duterte political dynasty’s hold on power.
The potential impact of the Duterte family’s continued involvement in Philippine politics may be felt in future elections. Their existing base of support, combined with their political experience and resources, could shape the outcomes of electoral contests. However, the political landscape is dynamic, and the Duterte family’s ability to maintain their influence will depend on various factors, including public opinion, emerging political forces, and evolving societal dynamics.
Examining the future of Duterte’s influence necessitates a careful analysis of the changing political environment in the Philippines. While the Duterte family’s political dynasty has left a lasting mark on Philippine politics, the extent of their influence in the coming years will depend on how they navigate these shifting power dynamics and adapt to the evolving needs and aspirations of the Filipino electorate.
Rodrigo Duterte’s Retirement and Future Involvement in Politics
Following the end of his presidency, Rodrigo Duterte announced his retirement from politics. However, there is ongoing speculation about his potential future involvement. Many are curious to know what lies ahead for the former Philippine president.
During his tenure, Duterte made a significant impact on Philippine politics and introduced controversial policies. As he steps away from the political arena, the question arises: what are Duterte’s plans for retirement?
“I have served my country to the best of my ability. Now, it is time for me to enjoy the fruits of my labor and spend quality time with my family,” Duterte stated in his farewell address.
While Duterte wishes to enjoy a quieter life away from the political spotlight, some speculate that his retirement may not be permanent. Given his strong influence and popularity among supporters, there is a possibility that he may continue to play a role in shaping the political landscape of the Philippines.
One potential avenue for Duterte’s future involvement in politics is through his endorsement of candidates. As a highly respected figure in the Philippines, his endorsement could carry significant weight and sway public opinion during elections.
Additionally, Duterte’s retirement may not limit his engagement in political discourse. He may choose to voice his opinions on key issues or participate in public discussions, leveraging his expertise and experience to influence the political conversation.
While Duterte’s retirement signifies the end of his presidency, his impact on Philippine politics and society will continue to be felt. Whether he chooses to remain in the background or actively participate in shaping the country’s future, Duterte’s retirement marks a new phase in his political journey.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Rodrigo Duterte’s presidency had a profound impact on the Philippines. His tenure was marked by a series of controversial policies and a unique leadership style that garnered both admiration and criticism. To fully evaluate Duterte’s legacy, it is essential to consider the historical context in which he governed and the long-term consequences of his actions.
Duterte’s presidency was characterized by his strong-willed approach to governance. His uncompromising stance on crime and his unfiltered public discourse appealed to many who sought swift and decisive action. However, his methods, such as the war on drugs and extrajudicial killings, generated significant controversy and raised concerns about human rights.
Assessing Duterte’s impact requires a comprehensive understanding of the historical and societal context in which he operated. The Philippines, like many nations, faces complex challenges such as poverty, corruption, and security threats. Duterte’s policies and leadership style were born out of a desire to address these issues and bring change to the country.
As Duterte’s presidency concluded, the debate over his legacy continues. Some view him as a pragmatic leader who brought about much-needed reforms and delivered tangible results in areas like infrastructure and economic growth. Others criticize his disregard for due process and the erosion of democratic institutions. The ultimate judgment of Rodrigo Duterte’s presidency will emerge over time, as the Philippines grapples with the lasting impact of his leadership.
